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Over A; across A; along A
  1. Over A; across A; along A
  2. A is the direct object of a transitive verb
  3. Marks place of departure A
  4. Shows state A
  5. Shows the cause A of the subject's emotions
    B is a verb that shows emotion such as 悲しむ/かなしむ、喜ぶ/よろこぶ, etc.
今日きょうは 泳およい で 川かわを 渡わたっ た 。 
Today I swam across the river.
33
ゴ キ ブ リ が 私 の お 腹 の 上 を 横 切 っ た 。 
A cockroach ran across my stomach.
0
31
小 川 を 歩 い て 渡 っ た 。 
I crossed the small stream by foot.
0
92
階 段 を 下 り た 。 
I went down the stairs.
0
29
日本海 を 船 で 渡 っ た 。 
I crossed the Japan Sea by boat.
0
14
右 の 道 を 行 っ て 下 さ い 。 
Take the road on the right.
0
17
誰 か が 階 段 を 登 っ て 来 る 。 
There's somebody coming up the stairs.
0
15
僕 は 駅 の 階 段 を 降 り た 。 
I went down the station stairs.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (location)
を
Basic Examples:
橋を渡る (cross over a bridge)

Notes
Shows the action passing A
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
A is the direct object of a transitive verb
  1. Over A; across A; along A
  2. A is the direct object of a transitive verb
  3. Marks place of departure A
  4. Shows state A
  5. Shows the cause A of the subject's emotions
    B is a verb that shows emotion such as 悲しむ/かなしむ、喜ぶ/よろこぶ, etc.
34
ミ ル ク を 飲 み な さ い ！ 
Drink the milk!
0
31
蚯蚓 を 食 べ た 。 
I ate an earthworm.
0
19
母 の 誕 生 日 だ っ た の で 、 ケ ー キ を 焼 き ま し た 。 
I baked a cake because it was my mother's birthday.
0
13
よ か っ た ら 、 此 の ＣＤ を 聞 い て 下 さ い ね 。 
If you'd like, please listen to this CD.
0
25
納 豆 を 食 べ て み た 。 
I tried to eat natto.
0
17
病 気 の 時 は 、 此 の 薬 を 飲 ん で 下 さ い 。 
Please take this medicine when you are sick.
0
6
ジョン は 本 棚 を 作 っ た 。 
John built a bookcase.
0
9
君 と 同 じ シ ャ ツ を 買 っ た 。 
I bought the same shirt as you.
0
1
私 は ラ イ オ ン を 見 て 驚 い た 。 
I was surprised to see a lion.
0
2
彼 女 は ド ア を 引 い て 開 け た 。 
She pulled the door open.
0
6
母 は 弟 に 黄 色 い 傘 を 買 っ た 。 
Mother bought my brother a yellow umbrella.
0
72
此 の 言 葉 の 意 味 を 教 え て 下 さ い 。 
Please tell me the meaning of this word.
0
38
日本 の 漫 画 を 集 め て 居 ま す 。 
I am collecting Japanese comic books.
0
5
赤 ん 坊 は 口 を 開 け た 。 
The baby opened his mouth.
0
0
私 も 此 の 方 を 知 り ま せ ん で し た 。 
I myself did not know him.
0
15
素 敵 な カ ッ プ を 見 つ け た 。 
I found a nice cup.
0
0
母 は ぱちっと ハ ン ド バ ッ グ を 閉 め た 。 
Mother closed her purse with a snap.
0
19
朝 は 何 を 食 べ ま す か ？ 
What do you eat for breakfast?
0
16
学 校 に 行 く 時 は 帽 子 を 被 り ま す 。 
I put on a cap when I go to school.
0
6
私 は 京 都 大 学 を 卒 業 為 ま し た 。 
I graduated from Kyoto University.
0
11
彼 は 彼 女 に 素 敵 な 贈 り 物 を 為 た 。 
He gave her a nice present.
0
7
別 の 物 を 見 せ て 下 さ い 。 
Please show me another.
0
5
彼 は 夜 私 を 訪 ね た 。 
He called on me at night.
0
1
話 を 良 く 聞 い て 下 さ い 。 
Please listen carefully to the talk.
0
14
メグ は 絵 に 色 を 塗 っ た 。 
Meg colored the picture.
0
3
彼 ら は 、 レ コ ー ド を 買 い ま す 。 
They will buy a record.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun (Direct-object)
を
Basic Examples:
御金を払う (pay money)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

it is also common to see を at the end of a sentence in this usage, to grab attention, or as set phrase (usually to express wishes)

refer to the "を at the End of a Sentence" section, at
[www.tofugu.com]
13
0
avatar
moiraine
Level: 86

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Marks place of departure A
  1. Over A; across A; along A
  2. A is the direct object of a transitive verb
  3. Marks place of departure A
  4. Shows state A
  5. Shows the cause A of the subject's emotions
    B is a verb that shows emotion such as 悲しむ/かなしむ、喜ぶ/よろこぶ, etc.
4
彼 ら は 今日 東 京 を 発 つ 。 
They will depart (from) Tokyo today.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ALocation
を
Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Shows state A
  1. Over A; across A; along A
  2. A is the direct object of a transitive verb
  3. Marks place of departure A
  4. Shows state A
  5. Shows the cause A of the subject's emotions
    B is a verb that shows emotion such as 悲しむ/かなしむ、喜ぶ/よろこぶ, etc.
2
彼 女 は 東 京 で シ ス テ ム エ ン ジ ニ ア を 為 て 居 る 。 
She is a systems engineer in Tokyo.
0
12
現 在 の 住 ま い は 長 方 形 の 形 を 為 て 居 る 。 
My current residence is shaped like a rectangle.
0
14
彼 の 雲 は 魚 の 形 を 為 て 居 る 。 
That cloud is in the shape of a fish.
0
7
グリーン さ ん は 歴 史 の 先 生 を 為 て 居 ま す 。 
Mr Green is a teacher of history.
0
3
トニー 君 は 良 い 声 を 為 て 居 ま す 。 
Tony has a nice voice.
0
10
ボブ は 其 の デ パ ー ト で エ レ ベ ー タ ー 係 を 為 て 居 る 。 
Bob operates an elevator in the department store.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
AShape or State
を
している
Basic Examples:
丸の形を為て居る (shaped like a circle)

撮影監督を為て居る ((someone is) working as a director of photography)

結婚して居る ((someone is) married)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Nothing posted yet!
 
Shows the cause A of the subject's emotions
B is a verb that shows emotion such as 悲しむ/かなしむ、喜ぶ/よろこぶ, etc.
  1. Over A; across A; along A
  2. A is the direct object of a transitive verb
  3. Marks place of departure A
  4. Shows state A
  5. Shows the cause A of the subject's emotions
    B is a verb that shows emotion such as 悲しむ/かなしむ、喜ぶ/よろこぶ, etc.
7
私 達 は 彼 の 死 を 悲 し ん だ 。 
We mourned his death.
0
7
両 親 は 娘 の 誕 生 を 喜 ん だ 。 
The parents were delighted over the birth of their daughter.
0

Getting the sentences
Construction
(Elements in parentheses are optional.)
ANoun
を
BVerb
Basic Examples:
被害を悲しむ (be saddened by the damage)

Where this grammar is found


Grammar usage notes

Nothing posted yet!

Questions/Discussion

Is it also ok to use で for reason? e.g. 彼の死を悲しんだ vs 彼の死で悲しんだ
If ok, when to use which? Is there a difference in nuance?
1
0
avatar
Mushmellow
Level: 357
I may be wrong but my take is the following: 悲しむ is transitive and をis attached to the object of the mourning, the death. If you want to show the cause with で then the adverb form should be used: 彼の死で悲しくなった。
2
0
avatar
ミハイくん
Level: 608

Discussion about this grammar
This section has been archived, and no new posts can be added. Please use the discussion form(s) above.
avatar
mysticfive
Level: 2324
を can also be used as an object indicator (本を読むetc)
1
16 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 332
Thanks! I originally built the grammar lists around the JLPT grammar lists, so there is still a lot of 'common usage' patterns missing. Appreciate it!
1
16 years ago
avatar
Ash Menon
Level: 1
みみずをたべた。

Not entirely sure here, but wouldn't it be better to use が instead of を if you're using "the" in the equivalent English sentence?
0
14 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 332
I have never personally felt that 'the' and 'a' are intrinsically linked to a specific particle.

For example:
だれがリンゴを食べた？
私がリンゴを食べた？
Who ate the apple?
I ate the apple.

In this context, it is more common in English to say that you ate the apple, since (at least, without any further context) the question implies that the speaker is referring to a specific apple?
1
14 years ago
avatar
Ash Menon
Level: 1
Well by that line of thought, it's also possible to say in English that you ate an apple, which would be translated into Japanese as the same sentence you typed. I always felt that を did not focus on a specific object, but instead an instance of that object among others. I could be wrong about this, but whenever I heard を I always felt that there was no focus whatsoever on the object, which is what I'd get with the English 'a/an' and not 'the'.
0
14 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 332
Yea, I completely agree with your analysis of the sentence - I snuck the 'implies' in there because I felt that it could be interpreted either way.

I will need to do some additional digging around, but I still feel like it could go either way; I do not feel it would be inaccurate (nor inappropriate) to amend the Japanese in that sentence to show the/an so both options can be expressed. That would at least be a stop-gap fix if/until a more definitive explanation can be ascertained outside of our personal anecdotal evidence :). What do you think?
0
14 years ago
avatar
mysticfive
Level: 2324
Between my studying of Japanese and teaching English to Japanese people, I would be pretty confident saying that there is no 'the' versus 'a/an' in Japanese - trying to teach that concept, it seems pretty difficult to grasp among my students. The を in the sentence ミミズを食べた denotes that the earthworm is the object of the sentence instead of the subject - ミミズが食べた would mean 'the/an earthworm ate'
3
14 years ago
avatar
レミュリアのアリス
Level: 2
I've sometimes seen を used at the end of a sentence. Is this just a matter of playing with sentence order, is there another meaning not listed yet?
0
13 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 332
Probably a sentence where an understood part of it was cut out for convenience.
3
13 years ago
avatar
TakaComics
Level: 34
I don't know if this is just me misreading it or being confused, but it seems as if the first example is just a specific use of the second example. Technically, when you 'cross a bridge,' it's the verb わたる and the object はし. The examples all seem to point to that as well, as the verb and context are defining the sentence, rather than the particle を.
0
12 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 332
Yea, you could technically argue that it is a subset, but I think keeping them separate simply helps more clearly show the different ways that it can be used.
1
12 years ago
avatar
BrazenNegro
Level: 1
I think read somewhere that the first usage where it's making it so that you're over A or through A or around A or what have you only really applies when you're using verbs of motion, does that make sense? like a replacement for で. Is that the case or am I a little off
0
12 years ago
avatar
できるだけ
Level: 28
Yes, that's correct - the "through" or "over" or "along" translations apply only to verbs of motion. A couple examples: 橋を渡る - this one's pretty unambiguous; you can't use 渡る with the "in" or "at" meaning of で, in the same way that you wouldn't say "I crossed in the bridge." You could, I suppose, say something like 箸で渡れる島, where で means "by means of" (an island that can be reached by bridge), but this is really a different application. 公園を歩く - in this case, the use of を means that you're walking [i]through[/i] the park - it's not your end goal, you're just passing by en route to somewhere else. 公園で歩く would be "I walked [i]in[/i] the park," and in the case, the focus is on walking as an activity - you're going for a stroll around the park, without a definite goal in mind.
4
12 years ago
avatar
BrazenNegro
Level: 1
Thanks for the help! you ought to add that as a usage note :)
0
12 years ago
avatar
|マルコ|
Level: 110

I've noticed an usage from DoBJG is missing, page 352: "A particle that marks the cause of some human emotion"
examples:

次郎は父の死を悲しんだ・悲しみました。
Jiro was saddened at his father's death.

私は浩の大学入学を喜んだ。
I was happy about Hiroshi's entering college.

Is it worth adding, or I'm suggesting needless complexity? :S

1
5 years ago
avatar
マイコー
Level: 332

Added!

2
5 years ago


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